high quality stationery made from cotton rags.

lines of type that do not start or end at the same position.

successive lines of type which are of unequal length and which are aligned at either the right or left hand column.

the hardware engine which calculates the bitmapped image of text and graphics from a series of instructions. It may, or may not, understand a page description language but the end result should, if the device has been properly designed, be the same. Typical RIPs which aren’t PDLbased include the Tall Trees JLaser, the LaserMaster and AST’s TurboLaser controller. A basic page printer comes with a controller and not a RIP which goes some way to explaining the lack of control.

500 sheets of paper.

symbols used in text to direct the reader to a footnote. Eg asterisk (*), dagger, double dagger, section mark ( ), paragraph mark ( ).

used in colour printing to position the paper correctly. Usually crosses or circles.

the correct positioning of an image especially when printing one colour on another.

the measurement used in typesetting to express quality of output. Measured in dots per inch, the greater the number of dots, the more smoother and cleaner appearance the character/image will have. Currently Page (laser) Printers print at 300, 406 and 600dpi. Typesetting machines print at 1,200 dpi or more.

an instruction when giving sizes to artwork or photographs that other parts of the artwork are to be enlarged or reduced in proportion.

a means of altering artwork or colour separations to correct faults or enhance the image.

to reproduce as a white image out of a solid background.

indicates the stages at which corrections have been incorporated from earlier proofs and new proofs submitted. Eg First revise, second revise.

a positive or negative which reads from left to right.

type which has vertical stems as distinct from italics or oblique which are set at angles.

a web or reel fed printing press which uses a curved printing plate mounted on the plate cylinder.

a preliminary sketch of a proposed design.

a size of printing paper 20in x 25in (508 x 635mm).

rulers displayed on the screen that show measures in inches, picas or millimeters.

the ability within a program to run text around a graphic image within a document, without the need to adjust each line manually.

a line of type at the top of a page which repeats a heading.

an instruction to reproduce to the same size as the original.

a method of binding where the folded pages are stitched through the spine from the outside, using wire staples. Usually limited to 64 pages size.

a typeface that has no serifs (small strokes at the end of main stroke of the character).

the means within a program to reduce or enlarge the amount of space an image will occupy. Some programs maintain the aspect ratio between width and height whilst scaling, thereby avoiding distortion.

a means of calculating the amount of enlargement or reduction necessary to accommodate a photograph within the area of a design.

a sketch of a design showing the basic concept.

a digitizing device using light sensitivity to translate a picture or typed text into a pattern of dots which can be understood and stored by a computer. To obtain acceptable quality when scanning photographs, at least 64 grey scales are required.

a board prepared with black indian ink over a china clay surface. Drawings are produced by scraping away the ink to expose the china clay surface.

a character used at the beginning of a new section. Also used as a footnote symbol.

a printed sheet folded to make a multiple of pages.

paper incorporating special features (dyes, watermarks etc) for use on schedules.

a small cross stroke at the end of the main stroke of the letter.

the width of the type body of a given point size.

type set without leading (line spacing) between the lines. Type is often set with extra space; eg 9 point set on 10 point.

the accidental transfer of the printed image from one sheet to the back of another.

a single piece of paper. In poster work refers to the number of Double Crown sets in a full size poster.

a printing press which prints single sheets of paper, not reels.

a method of printing a section. Half the pages from a section are imposed and printed. The remaining half of the pages are then printed on the other side of the sheet.

see opacity.

the folded sections of a book are stabbed through with wire staples at the binding edge, prior to the covers being drawn on.

a subheading set flush into the text at the left edge.

a vertical bar positioned usually on the right hand side of the screen.

a letter or figure printed on the first page of each section of a book and used as a guide when collating and binding.

a poster size measuring 120in x 80in (3050mm x 2030mm).

a solution based on starch or casein which is added to the paper to reduce ink absorbency.

a smearing of the image, caused by paper slipping during the impression stage.

a set of capital letters which are smaller than standard and are equal in size to the lower case letters for that type size.

a WYSIWYG program feature for accurately aligning text or graphics. The effect is exercised by various nonprinting guidelines such as column guides, margin guides which automatically places the text or graphics in the correct position flush to the column guide when activated by the mouse. The feature is optional and can be turned off.

a book bound with a paper back cover.

a specially coded hyphen which is only displayed when formatting of the hyphenated word puts it at the end of a line.

a facility contained in certain word processing and page makeup programs to enable a spelling error check to be carried out. Dictionaries of American origin may not conform to English standards and the option should be available within the program to modify the contents. Dictionaries usually contain between 60,000100,000 words.

the binding edge at the back of a book.

a paper size in the series of ISO international paper sizes slightly larger than the A series allowing the printer extra space to bleed.

photostat copy.

the main vertical stroke making up a type character.

used in proof correction work to cancel a previous correction. From the Latin; ‘let it stand’.

a subheading used above the main headline in a newspaper article.

a thicker board made from straw pulp, used in bookwork and in the making of envelopes and cartons. Not suitable for printing.

the effect of ink soaking through the printed sheet.

a collection of tags specifying page layout styles, paragraph settings and type specifications which can be set up by the user and saved for use in other documents. Some page makeup programs, such as Ventura, come with a set of style sheets.

the small characters set below the normal letters or figures.

a smooth finished paper with a polished appearance, produced by rolling the paper between calendars. Examples of this are high gloss and art papers.

the small characters set above the normal letters or figures.

(see Overprinting) printing over a previously printed area of either text or graphics.

italic characters with extra flourishes used at the beginning of chapters.

a colour sample.

a page half the size of a broadsheet.

text set in columns such as timetables.

a common format for interchanging digital information, generally associated with greyscale or bitmap data.

the various formats which make up a style sheet paragraph settings, margins and columns, page layouts, hyphenation and justification, widow and orphan control and automatic section numbering.

a standard layout usually containing basic details of the page dimensions.

Textthe written or printed material which forms the main body of a publication.

typefaces used for the main text of written material. Generally no larger than 14 point in size.

a print finishing process producing a raised image imitating die stamping. The process takes a previously printed image which before the ink is dry is dusted with a resinous powder. The application of heat causes the ink and powder to fuse and a raised image is formed.

the thinnest space normally used to separate words.

a poster size measuring 120in x 160in (3048mm x 4064mm).

see Pipelining.

the first ideas or sketches of a designer noted down for future reference.

the effect of adding white to a solid colour or of screening a solid area.

the separate insertion of a single page into a book either during or after binding by pasting one edge.

the process of producing line art from a continuous tone original.

an on screen mouse operated facility that allows the user to choose from a selection of ‘tools’ to create simple goemetric shapes lines, boxes, circles etc. and to add fill patterns.

a full colour photographically produced image on transparent film.

the icon selected for the deleting of files or objects.

the cutting of the finished product to the correct size. Marks are incorporated on the printed sheet to show where the trimming is to be made.

a system designed for a specific user and to work as an integrated unit. Usually has builtin contractual responsibilities for hardware and software maintenance.

paper which has an identical smooth finish on both sides.

the raised surface carrying the image of a type character cast in metal. Also used to refer to a complete set of characters forming a family in a particular design or style.

a typed manuscript.

an abbreviation for typographical error. An error in the typeset copy.

a specialist in the design of printed matter, and in particular the art of typography.

the design and planning of printed matter using type.